Operations

101 operations.

Aggregate

Group rows and compute aggregate statistics.

tabularsummarize

Align

Align two time series to common timestamps using ASOF JOIN.

temporaltransform

Aspect

Calculate terrain aspect (compass direction of slope) from DEM.

geoterrain

Band Math

Apply band math expression to rasters.

georaster

Buffer

Create buffer zones around vector geometries.

geovector

BULC-D Change Detection

Bayesian Updating of Land Cover — Deviation-based change detection.

geoanalysis

Burned-area perimeter progression (raster -> vector)

Convert a stack of per-scene burn-probability rasters into one perimeter polygon per acquisition.

geovectorization

Cal/Val Match-up

Spatial-temporal match-up of in-situ point observations against a raster timeseries (e.g.

geoevaluation

Cal/Val Scorecard

Compute standard cal/val skill metrics from a match-up table (output of `cal_val_match`).

temporalevaluation

Centroid

Compute the centroid (geometric center) of vector geometries.

geovector

Change Detection

Detect change between two rasters by computing pixel-wise difference.

geoanalysis

Chip Raster for ML Inference

Cut a raster into fixed-size patches suitable for foundation model input.

mlprepare

Classify Image

Apply a trained machine learning model to classify imagery.

geoclassification

Clean Feature Names

Clean and normalize feature names by removing prefixes, suffixes, and downstream connectors.

geovector

Clip Features

Clip vector features to a mask geometry.

geovector

Clip Raster

Clip raster to a geometry or bounding box.

georaster

Cloud Mask

Mask cloudy pixels by thresholding brightness values.

geoanalysis

Contingency Table

Compute the 2x2 forecast verification contingency table (TP/FP/FN/TN) and standard skill scores (Hit Rate, False Alarm Ratio, Hanssen-Kuipe…

temporalevaluation

Curvature

Calculate terrain curvature from DEM.

geoterrain

Dissolve

Dissolve vector features into a single geometry, optionally grouped by an attribute.

geovector

Distance to Features

Compute Euclidean distance from each raster pixel to the nearest vector feature.

geoanalysis

dNBR Burn Severity

Compute differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) from a pre-fire and post-fire scene pair, emit the scaled (×1000) dNBR raster, and classif…

geoanalysis

Embedding Similarity

Compute cosine similarity between a reference embedding vector and all other embeddings in a feature collection.

geoanalysis

Evidence Bundle Emit

Assemble a signed Evidence Bundle (RO-Crate 1.1 ZIP) from upstream DAG outputs + per-op RunRecords.

geoprovenance

Filter

Filter table rows using a SQL WHERE expression.

tabulartransform

Foundation Model Embedding

Generate embeddings from an EO foundation model encoder.

mlinference

Foundation Model Inference

Apply a pretrained foundation model from registry/models/ to raster input(s).

geoml

Foundation Model Prediction

Run a foundation model on satellite imagery for segmentation or classification.

mlinference

Group Features by Name

Group vector features by a normalized name attribute, creating a mapping from base names to groups of features.

geovector

H3 Hexagonal Index

Index raster or vector data onto an H3 hexagonal grid.

geoanalysis

Harmonic Time Series Fitting

Fit a harmonic regression model to a per-pixel time series.

geoanalysis

Harmonize

Harmonize multiple vector datasets with different schemas, CRS projections, and field names into a single unified layer.

geovector

Hillshade

Generate hillshade visualization from DEM.

geoterrain

Histogram

Compute histogram of raster values.

geoanalysis

Imagery Composite

Create annual composites from a multi-temporal raster stack.

geoimagery

Interpolate

Fill gaps in a time series using interpolation.

temporaltransform

Intersection

Compute the geometric intersection of two feature sets.

geovector

Join

Join two tables on matching columns.

tabularcombine

LandTrendr Temporal Segmentation

Temporal segmentation of annual spectral time series using the LandTrendr algorithm (Kennedy et al.

geoanalysis

Mask Raster

Apply a mask to a raster.

georaster

Merge Features by Rules

Merge vector features based on configurable rules including name matching, adjacency, and explicit merge specifications.

geovector

MLP Probe (1-hidden-layer non-linear classifier/regressor)

Fit a one-hidden-layer MLP on top of a frozen embedding to predict a target.

mlml

Morphological Close

Morphological closing: dilate then erode.

georaster

Morphological Dilate

Dilate a raster using a maximum filter with a disk structuring element.

georaster

Morphological Erode

Erode a raster using a minimum filter with a disk structuring element.

georaster

Morphological Open

Morphological opening: erode then dilate.

georaster

Mosaic

Mosaic multiple rasters together into a single raster.

georaster

Named Catchment Network

Build a hierarchical network of named catchments by linking USGS GNIS (Geographic Names Information System) features to NHD/UHD catchment p…

geohydrology

NDVI

Compute Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from NIR and Red bands.

georaster

Normalize

Normalize raster values using various methods.

georaster

Normalize Soil Moisture

Harmonize in-situ soil moisture observations from heterogeneous networks (USCRN, ISMN, SCAN, SNOTEL, etc.) into a common schema: (station_i…

geoharmonize

Optical Calibration

Convert satellite imagery from digital numbers to physical values (radiance or reflectance).

geoimagery

Pansharpening

Combine low-resolution multispectral image with high-resolution panchromatic image to produce high-resolution multispectral output.

geoimagery

Parameter Sweep

Generate the cartesian product of parameter values for multiverse analysis.

geoanalysis

Period Stats

Compute statistics per calendar time period.

temporalaggregate

PMTiles Merge

Merge multiple PMTiles cell files into a single file with overview tiles.

geoutility

Point Interpolation

Returns a 4-neighbor bilinear-interpolated value at each input point.

geoanalysis

Point Sampling

Returns the value of the pixel containing each input point.

geoanalysis

Radiometric Indices

Calculate spectral indices from multispectral imagery.

geoimagery

Raster to PMTiles

Convert raster data to PMTiles format for efficient web map serving.

geoutility

Rasterize

Burn vector features into a raster grid.

georaster

Reassemble Chips

Stitch per-chip model outputs back into a full-extent raster.

mlprepare

Reclassify

Remap raster values to new classes based on a classification table.

georaster

Reproject

Reproject raster to a new coordinate reference system (CRS).

georaster

Resample

Resample raster to a new resolution while maintaining the same CRS.

georaster

Resample

Resample a time series to a different frequency.

temporaltransform

return_period

Derive empirical return-period thresholds from a 1-D timeseries using plotting-position rank statistics over the annual-maxima series.

temporalaggregate

Robustness Map

Compute per-location robustness scores from a multiverse specification sweep.

geoanalysis

Robustness Score

Classify the robustness of a finding across specification variants.

geoanalysis

Rolling

Rolling window aggregation over a time series.

temporaltransform

SAR Burn-Scar CNN Detection

Detect burn scars from a 5-channel Sentinel-1 SAR-anomaly raster using a small ONNX CNN (e.g.

mlinference

SAR Log-Ratio Anomaly

Per-pixel log10 ratio of a single post-event SAR backscatter scene against a pre-event temporal baseline mean.

georaster

SAR Temporal Features

Per-pixel temporal statistics (mean, sample standard deviation, 10th percentile, 90th percentile) over a raster time stack.

temporalaggregate

Select

Select, rename, or compute columns from a table.

tabulartransform

Simplify

Simplify vector geometry by reducing the number of vertices while maintaining the overall shape.

geovector

Slope

Calculate slope from DEM using GDAL DEMProcessing (Horn's method).

geoterrain

Sort

Sort table rows by one or more columns.

tabulartransform

Spatial Containment Hierarchy

Build a parent-child hierarchy based on spatial containment relationships.

geovector

Specification Curve Statistics

Compute summary statistics and sensitivity decomposition for a multiverse specification curve.

geoanalysis

Stack Concat

Stack T per-axis multi-band rasters along a new axis to produce a single (T*D)-band raster.

geoanalysis

Summary Statistics

Compute summary statistics for a raster.

geoanalysis

Temporal Reduce

Reduce a stack of aligned raster bands to a single band using a pixel-wise statistical method (mean, median, min, max, std, count).

geoanalysis

Terrain Ruggedness Index

Calculate Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) from DEM.

geoterrain

Terrarium Decode

Decode Terrarium RGB format back to elevation values.

geoutility

Terrarium Encode

Encode elevation data to Terrarium RGB format.

geoutility

Tiered Catchment Network

Build a two-tier hierarchical catchment network with constraints learned from the data/drainages/ pipeline analysis.

geohydrology

Time Range

Filter a table to a time window.

temporalfilter

Topographic Position Index

Calculate Topographic Position Index (TPI) from DEM.

geoterrain

Train Classifier

Train a machine learning classifier on labeled imagery.

geoclassification

Treeline Analysis

Compute treeline boundary by combining slope analysis with vegetation index.

geoanalysis

Union

Compute the geometric union of two feature sets.

geovector

Union

Combine multiple tables vertically (stack rows).

tabularcombine

Upstream Trace

Trace upstream from a point or line feature through a flow network, collecting all upstream features within distance and count constraints.

geovector

Urban Heat Index

Derive urban heat island (UHI) intensity in °C by subtracting a per-AOI rural baseline LST from each pixel's LST.

geoanalysis

Vector Field Similarity

Per-pixel similarity between a multi-band "vector field" raster (a raster where each pixel holds a D-dimensional vector spread across D ban…

geoanalysis

Vector IoU

Intersection over Union between two polygon sets — the evaluation primitive for SAR4Wildfire (Ban & Zhang 2020) and any perimeter-vs-refere…

geoevaluation

Viewshed Analysis

Calculate visible area from one or more observer points.

geoterrain

Water Mask

Per-pixel binary surface-water mask derived from MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, Xu 2006).

geoimagery

Weighted Overlay

Combine multiple raster layers with configurable weights into a single composite/suitability layer.

geoanalysis

Window

Compute values relative to other rows — rankings, percentiles, running totals, row comparisons.

tabulartransform

Zonal Statistics

Compute statistics of raster values within polygon zones.

geoanalysis