name: bingham-canyon-mine version: "0.1" category: features-objects themes: [terrain, infrastructure] family: sar-texture-structural-analysis status: draft # AOI DOES NOT MATCH THE SUBJECT. The referenced # ICEYE scene footprint sits ~97 km west of the # Bingham Canyon pit (see inputs.aoi.notes), so the # narrative below is not supported by the pixels. # Needs re-siting onto a scene that covers the mine, # or renaming to its true subject, before it can be # presented as a mine analysis. As of 2026-08-24 the # ICEYE open-data catalog (472 STAC items) has no # scene covering Bingham Canyon; nearest is this one. description: > The Bingham Canyon open-pit copper mine in Utah — 1.2km deep, 4km wide, producing ~25% of US copper, and visible from space since before Landsat existed. ICEYE X-band Spotlight SAR at sub-meter resolution captures the pit wall geometry, tailings pond extent, and the disturbed texture zone left by the 2013 Manefay Slide — the largest non-volcanic landslide in North American recorded history, which removed ~130 million tonnes of material from the NW wall. CAVEAT (2026-08-24): the scene this recipe reads does not actually cover Bingham Canyon. Its footprint is roughly 97 km west of the pit, over open desert in Tooele County, so the pit walls, tailings ponds and Manefay Slide described above are not present in the imagery. The compute graph is a valid SAR texture and edge chain and will run, but its outputs describe desert terrain, not the mine. settings: default_bbox: [-113.332, 40.477, -113.263, 40.529] # Bingham Canyon pit + tailings default_crs: EPSG:32612 # UTM 12N, metric backscatter_scale: 32768.0 # ICEYE uint16 midpoint — normalize to linear scale edge_detect_sigma: 2.0 # Canny edge detector sigma for pit boundary glcm_window: 15 # GLCM texture window size in pixels inputs: aoi: bbox: [-113.332, 40.477, -113.263, 40.529] crs_target: EPSG:32612 notes: > UNVERIFIED AOI. This bbox is the footprint of ICEYE scene 9RPQMV, whose STAC item centroid is 40.503°N, -113.297°W. The Bingham Canyon pit is at 40.523°N, -112.151°W, about 97 km east of this footprint, so this scene does not cover the mine. The scene thumbnail shows basin-and-range desert, unpaved roads and fenced enclosures in Tooele County, with no open pit. The earlier note here claimed a "pit centroid ~40.52°N, -113.30°W"; that coordinate is not the mine. See `status` above before treating any output as a mine analysis. date_range: start: "2025-11-04" end: "2025-11-04" # Single scene scene: platform: ICEYE-X46 acquisition_datetime: "2025-11-04T17:46:58.08Z" orbit_state: ascending off_nadir_angle_deg: 32.6 polarization: VV instrument_mode: Spotlight sar_frequency_band: X # 9.6 GHz center frequency layers: # ── SOURCE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── source/iceye-grd: type: raster uri: "https://iceye-open-data-catalog.s3.amazonaws.com/data/spot-fine/ICEYE_9RPQMV_20251104T174653Z_6898547_X46_SLF3L/ICEYE_9RPQMV_20251104T174653Z_6898547_X46_SLF3L_GRD.tif" # Direct S3 asset — no STAC query needed. Single scene from ICEYE Open Data Campaign. # # 2026-08-24: ICEYE reorganized the open-data bucket; the previous uri now 404s: # https://iceye-open-data-catalog.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sar-data/tasks/open_data/2025_Open_Data_Campaign/6898547/ICEYE_GRD_SLF3L_9RPQMV_20251104T174653Z__6898547.tif # The scene itself is still published. The uri above is the `grd-cog` asset href # from its STAC item, verified 2026-08-24 (HTTP 200, image/tiff, 709,539,959 bytes, # GDAL COG layout IFDS_BEFORE_DATA). Resolve future moves from the STAC item: # https://iceye-open-data-catalog.s3.amazonaws.com/stac-items/2025/11/ICEYE_9RPQMV_20251104T174653Z_6898547_X46_SLF3L.json description: > ICEYE Spotlight GRD, VV polarization, X-band. 20,000 × 20,000 pixels, uint16. Ground Range Detected: phase discarded, intensity preserved. Off-nadir 32.6° from ascending orbit — the near wall (west face) will show foreshortening; far wall (east face) may show layover at steep sections. params: bbox: [-113.332, 40.477, -113.263, 40.529] # COG spatial window — read only the pit assets: - GRD # Only asset needed: uint16 SAR intensity, VV polarization # ── COMPUTE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── compute/backscatter-db: type: raster description: > Convert ICEYE uint16 GRD to calibrated backscatter in dB. Formula: sigma_dB = 10 * log10(GRD_uint16 / 32768.0). Typical ranges: open pit walls -15 to -5 dB; tailings pond (smooth) < -20 dB; road surfaces and corner reflectors > 0 dB. compute: op: raster_calc inputs: data: { layer: source/iceye-grd } params: expression: "10.0 * log10(GRD / backscatter_scale + 1e-10)" backscatter_scale: "${settings.backscatter_scale}" output_band: sigma_db compute/pit-boundary: type: vector description: > Pit rim boundary extracted by Canny edge detection on the backscatter map. The pit wall creates a sharp backscatter contrast with the surrounding terrain. compute: op: raster_edge_detect inputs: raster: { layer: compute/backscatter-db } params: method: canny sigma: "${settings.edge_detect_sigma}" low_threshold_db: -18.0 high_threshold_db: -8.0 vectorize: true simplify_tolerance_m: 5.0 compute/wall-texture: type: raster description: > GLCM contrast texture over the backscatter map. High contrast = rough wall face; low contrast = smooth tailings pond or road. The 2013 Manefay Slide zone (NW wall) shows distinctive chaotic texture from the disturbed rock mass. compute: op: raster_glcm inputs: raster: { layer: compute/backscatter-db } params: metrics: [contrast, homogeneity, energy] window_size: "${settings.glcm_window}" output_band: glcm_contrast # ── RESULTS ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── result/backscatter-map: type: raster description: Calibrated VV backscatter COG in dB (float32). The primary analysis layer. compute: op: raster_identity inputs: data: { layer: compute/backscatter-db } params: format: cog dtype: float32 overview_levels: [2, 4, 8, 16] result/pit-boundary-vector: type: vector description: > Pit rim polygon from edge detection. GeoJSON, EPSG:4326. Use with the Sentinel-2 optical context layer to validate geometry. compute: op: vector_identity inputs: data: { layer: compute/pit-boundary } outputs: primary: - result/backscatter-map # COG — calibrated dB backscatter - result/pit-boundary-vector # GeoJSON — pit rim polygon show_your_work: - compute/wall-texture # COG — GLCM contrast texture cache: scope: - inputs.aoi.bbox - inputs.scene.acquisition_datetime - settings.edge_detect_sigma - settings.glcm_window storage: ./cache/ reuse_policy: hash_inputs license: recipe: Apache-2.0 output_dataset: CC-BY-4.0 upstream_data: - source: iceye-open-data license: ICEYE Open Data License note: Free for non-commercial research. Commercial use requires ICEYE agreement. url: https://iceye-open-data-catalog.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/