Ecosystem vertical profile

biodiversityecosystem-structure
Vertical structure of an ecosystem — canopy height, layering, foliage profile, basal area, and below-ground rooting depth. Measured by spaceborne LiDAR (GEDI, ICESat-2), airborne LiDAR (NEON AOP), terrestrial laser scanning, and forest-inventory plot networks. Foundational for above-ground biomass estimation and habitat structure.
Canonical units: m (height); m^2 m^-3 (foliage density)